The effects of QuikClot Combat Gauze and Celox Rapid on hemorrhage control
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2019.0312Keywords:
QuikClot Combat Gauze, Celox Rapid, hemorrhage control, bleedingAbstract
Objective: Compare QuikClot Combat Gauze (QCG) and Celox Rapid (CR) for initial hemostasis and over a 1-hour period.
Design: Experimental study.
Setting: Approved animal laboratory.
Subjects: Twenty-one Yorkshire swine.
Interventions: Subjects were randomly assigned to either the QCG (n = 11) or CR (n = 10) group. An arteriotomy was made in the right femoral artery with a 6-mm vascular punch. Bleeding was allowed for 45 seconds. QCG or CR was applied followed by firm pressure for 3 minutes according to Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care guidelines. A 10-pound weight simulating a pressure dressing was applied, and the wound was observed for 1 hour. Dressing failure was bleeding > 2 percent of blood volume.
Main outcome measures: Achievement and maintenance of hemostasis and amount of hemorrhage during observation. Odds of successful hemostasis.
Results: QCG was significantly better than CR in initial hemostasis (p = 0.049) and maintaining hemostasis over 1 hour (p = 0.020). One hundred percent of QCG subjects and 70 percent of CR subjects achieved initial hemostasis. During the 1-hour observation, one additional CR subject failed to maintain hemostasis. CR had significantly more hemorrhage than QCG during the 1-hour observation (p = 0.027). QCG had no bleeding compared to CR that had a mean of 162 ± 48 mL (standard error of mean) over 2 minutes. QCG had 15.9 times greater odds of success compared to CR over a period of 1 hour. Over the 1-hour observation time, 100 percent of QCG achieved hemostasis compared to 60 percent of CR.
Conclusions: QCG is more effective than CR.
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