Real-time geotracking and cataloging of mass casualty incident markers in a search and rescue training simulation: Pilot study

Authors

  • Kendall Park, BS
  • Kourtney Meiss
  • Luke Guerdan
  • Ev Cheng
  • Josiah Burchard
  • John Gillis, BSCSE
  • Prasad Calyam, PhD
  • Salman Ahmad, MD, FACS, FCCM

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5055/ajdm.2019.0319

Keywords:

mass casualty incidents, mesh networks, geotracking, internet-of-things, disaster medicine

Abstract

Objective: Search and rescue after mass casualty incidents relies on robust data infrastructure. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA’s) Task Force 1 (TF1) trains its volunteers to locate and virtually tag scene incidents using a global positioning satellite (GPS) device programmed with markers for each incident (Iron Sights). The authors performed a pilot study comparing Iron Sights™ to a Wi-Fi-based real-time incident geolocation and virtual tagging dashboard (Panacea™) in creating a dynamic common operating picture.

Design: Twenty-nine stations were placed at a predefined scene incident, each featuring a set of varying waypoint markers using standard FEMA/TF1 nomenclature. Two volunteers performed the experiment for both the Iron Sights and Panacea systems, digitally tagging all station waypoints.

Setting: TF1 simulation training field.

Main outcome measure(s): Metrics compared included GPS location precision, marker accuracy, and delay between scene sweep and common operational picture (COP) generation.

Results: Two hundred and sixty-one waypoints were digitally tagged after excluding three stations for missing data. The average GPS location difference for all waypoints between Iron Sights and Panacea was 3.65 m. Marker tagging accuracy between Iron Sights and Panacea was equivalent and not statistically different (78.8 percent vs 66.2 percent, respectively, p = 0.11). Waypoints were tagged in 26.59 minutes and 10.55 minutes on average, respectively. Time from scene sweep to virtual COP generation was 7.97 minutes for Iron Sights after complete scene sweep and 37 seconds for Panacea for each waypoint posting in real-time.

Conclusions: Panacea generated the COP in real-time compared to a delay with Iron Sights while maintaining the same location precision and marker accuracy. This pilot trial successfully demonstrated the ability to provide real-time actionable intelligence to incident commanders during mass casualty search and rescue missions. Larger field trials are recommended to refine the system and broaden its capabilities.

Author Biographies

Kendall Park, BS

Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri

Kourtney Meiss

Undergraduate student, Department of Computer Science, Wofford College, Spartanburg, South Carolina

Luke Guerdan

Undergraduate student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri

Ev Cheng

Undergraduate student, Department of Computer Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York

Josiah Burchard

Undergraduate student, Department of Computer Science, Southeast Missouri State University, Cape Girardeau, Missouri

John Gillis, BSCSE

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri. Dave Weber, BSCE, MSCE, Missouri Task Force One, Columbia, Missouri

Prasad Calyam, PhD

Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri

Salman Ahmad, MD, FACS, FCCM

Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri

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Published

04/01/2019

How to Cite

Park, BS, K., K. Meiss, L. Guerdan, E. Cheng, J. Burchard, J. Gillis, BSCSE, P. Calyam, PhD, and S. Ahmad, MD, FACS, FCCM. “Real-Time Geotracking and Cataloging of Mass Casualty Incident Markers in a Search and Rescue Training Simulation: Pilot Study”. American Journal of Disaster Medicine, vol. 14, no. 2, Apr. 2019, pp. 89-95, doi:10.5055/ajdm.2019.0319.

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Section

Articles