Social media for emergency messaging with youth and families during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic: Getting it right

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5055/jem.0597

Keywords:

COVID-19, social media, emergency management, crisis communications

Abstract

Disaster communications are frequently included as an area of improvement in the majority of incident after action reports. One segment of the population that is overlooked or intentionally excluded from messaging constructs is adolescents and transitional aged youth. Social media, the preferred mechanism of this population, has the capacity to both educate as well as misinform. Thoughtful and intentional utilization of social media channels for adolescent audiences can convey facts and motivation for appropriate community action when mindfully incorporated into a crisis communication plan by emergency managers. Increasing methods of accurately conveying life-safety issues during the COVID-19 pandemic and its increasing variants must be done correctly and timely.

Author Biographies

Heather M. Hilliard, MHA, MBA, CEM, CFM

Adjunct Instructor, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC

Martha J. Ignaszewski, MD, FRCPC

Department of Psychiatry, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Kunmi Sobowale, MD

Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California

Linda Chokroverty, MD, FAAP

Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York

References

Wold S: COVID-19 is changing how, why and how much we’re using social media. Digital Commerce 360. September 16, 2020. Available at https://www.digitalcommerce360.com/2020/09/16/covid-19-is-changing-how-why-and-how-much-were-using-social-media/. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Molla R: Posting less, posting more, and tired of it all: How the pandemic has changed social media. Vox. March 1, 2021. Available at https://www.vox.com/recode/22295131/social-media-use-pandemic-covid-19-instagram-tiktok. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Gaskins B, Jerit J: Internet News: Is it a replacement for traditional media outlets? Int J Press/Politics. 2012; 17(2): 190-213. DOI: 10.1177/1940161211434640. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Samet A: How the coronavirus is changing social media usage. eMarketer. July 29, 2020. Available at https://www.emarketer.com/content/how-coronavirus-changing-us-social-media-usage. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Englander E: Back to the drawing board with cyberbullying. JAMA Pediatr. 2019; 173(6): 513-514.

Pew Research Center: Parenting children in the age of screens. July 28, 2020. Available at https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2020/07/28/parenting-children-in-the-age-of-screens/. Accessed March 20, 2021.

Common Sense Media: Teen news engagement: Key find¬ings and toplines. August 13, 2019. Available at https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/pdfs/2019_cs-sm_summarytoplines_release.pdfn. Accessed May 6, 2020.

Baig EC: Too much YouTube? Online video usage among teens is going through the roof, survey says. USA Today. October 29, 2019. Available at https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2019/10/29/youtube-screen-time-overload-among-teens-and-tweens/2490553001/. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Statista: Most popular social networks of teenagers in the United States from fall 2012 to fall 2020. January 28, 2021. Available at https://www.statista.com/statistics/250172/social-network-usage-of-us-teens-and-young-adults/. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Common Sense Media: Teen News Engagement.

Young Entrepreneur Council: How to reach your target audi¬ence on social media more effectively, 2019. Available at https://www.inc.com/young-entrepreneur-council/how-to-reach-your-target-audience-on-social-media-more-effectively.html. Accessed May 15, 2020.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: CERC Introduction 2018. Available at https://emergency.cdc.gov/cerc/ppt/CERC_Introduction.pdf. Accessed May 15, 2020.

Rideout V, Fox S, Peebles A, et al.: Coping with COVID-19: How young people use digital media to manage their mental health. San Francisco, CA: Common Sense and Hopelab, 2021. ISSN 2767-0163. Available at https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/research/2021-coping-with-covid19-full-report.pdf. Accessed March 29, 2021.

Briones RL, Kuch B, Liu BF, et al.: Keeping up with the digital age: How the American Red Cross uses social media to build relationships. Publ Relations Rev. 2011; 36(1). Available at DOI:10.1016/j.pubrev.2010.12.006. Accessed May 15, 2020.

Federal Emergency Management Agency: Social media and emergency preparedness (update March 18, 2021). Available at https://www.fema.gov/press-release/20210318/social-media-and-emergency-preparedness. Accessed March 30, 2021.

United States Department of Homeland Security: Innovative uses of social media in emergency management. September 2013. Available at https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/publications/Social-Media-EM_0913-508_0.pdf. Accessed May 6, 2020.

Reuter C, Kaufhold M: Fifteen years of social media in emergen¬cies: A retrospective review and future directions for crisis informatics. J Conting Crisis Manag. 2018; 26: 41-57.

Middaugh E, Clark LS, Ballard PJ: Digital media, participatory politics, and positive youth development. Pediatrics. 2017; 140 (Supplement 2): S127-S131.

Vraga EK, Bode L: Addressing COVID-19 misinformation on social media preemptively and responsively. Emerg Infectious Dis. 27(2): 396-403. Available at DOI:10.3201/eid2702.203139. Accessed March 30, 2021.

World Health Organization: Mythbusters (website). Available at https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public/myth-busters. Accessed May 15, 2020.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Myth versus fact (website). Available at https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/facts.html. Accessed May 15, 2020.

Zarocostas J: How to fight an infodemic. Lancet. 2020; 395 (10225): 67.

Barua Z, Barua S, Aktar S, et al.: Effects of misinformation on COVID-19 individual response and recommendations for resilience of disastrous consequences of misinformation. Progress Disaster Sci. 2020; 8. Available at DOI:10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100119. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Yonker LM, Zan S, Scirica CV, et al.: “Friending” teens: Systematic review of social media in adolescent and young adult health care. J Med Internet Res. 2015; 17 (1): e4.

Sobowale K, Hilliard H, Ignaszewski MJ, et al.: Real-time communication: Creating a path to COVID-19 public health activism in adolescents using social media. J Med Internet Res. 2020; 22(12): e21886. DOI:10.2196/21886.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Develop SMART objectives. Available at https://www.cdc.gov/phcommunities/resourcekit/evaluate/smart_objectives.html. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Bettinghaus, EP: Health promotion and the knowledge-attitude-behavior continuum. Preventive Med. 1986; 15(5). Available at DOI:10.1016/0091-7435(86)90025-3. Accessed March 31, 2021.

CDC Foundation: Press release. Available at https://www.cdcfoundation.org/blog/public-health-week-tiktok-donates-15-million-support-frontline-public-health-workers-coronavirus. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Steinberg, L: A social neuroscience perspective on adolescent risk-aking. Rep Dev. National Institutes of Health. 2008; 28(1): 78-106. DOI:10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.002. Accessed March 31, 2021.

City of Chicago: First-of-its-kind Snapchat lens encouraging residents to wear masks. Press Release. August 24, 2020. Available at https://www.chicago.gov/city/en/depts/mayor/press_room/press_releases/2020/august/SnapchatLens.html. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Brown, D: How Snapchat, Instagram and others are teach¬ing kids, Gen Z about coronavirus. USA Today. April 2, 2020. Available at https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2020/04/01/coronavirus-snapchat-instagram-and-others-remind-teens-wash-hands/5101865002/. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Wickramanayake J: Meet 10 young people leading the COVID-19 response in their communities. United Nations. 2020. Available at https://www.un.org/africarenewal/web-features/coronavirus/meet-10-young-people-leading-covid-19-response-their-communities. Accessed May 15, 2020.

Constine J: Snapchat’s Zenly launches shelter-in-place leaderboard. TechCrunch. 2020. Available at https://techcrunch.com/2020/03/24/zenly-stay-home/. Accessed May 15, 2020.

Wang K: How a coronavirus safety-themed dance took the world by storm, according to the TikTok star who created it. Business Insider. 2020. Available at https://www.businessinsider.com/coronavirus-song-dance-wash-hands-quang-dang-2020-3. Accessed May 15, 2020.

Common Sense Media: How teens are coping and connecting in the time of the coronavirus. April 8, 2020. Available at https://www.commonsensemedia.org/sites/default/files/uploads/pdfs/2020_surveymonkey-key-findings-toplines-teens-and-coronavirus.pdf. Accessed May 6, 2020.

Fernandes B, Biswas UN, Tan-Mansukhani R, et al.: The impact of COVID-19 lockdown on internet use and escapism in adolescents. Recista de Psciología Clínica con Niños y Adolescentes. 2020; 7(3). DOI:10.21134/rpcna.2020.mon.2056. Accessed March 31, 2021.

Twitter Tweetbinder: #Covid19 #Coronavirus tweets per day. Available at https://www.tweetbinder.com/blog/covid-19-coronavirus-twitter/. Accessed March 30, 2021.

Downloads

How to Cite

Hilliard, MHA, MBA, CEM, CFM, H. M., M. J. Ignaszewski, MD, FRCPC, K. Sobowale, MD, and L. Chokroverty, MD, FAAP. “Social Media for Emergency Messaging With Youth and Families During the Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic: Getting It Right”. Journal of Emergency Management, vol. 19, no. 9, July 2021, pp. 109-16, doi:10.5055/jem.0597.